Antimotility agent

These include loperamide (Imodium), bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol),[1] diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil), and opiates such as paregoric, tincture of opium, codeine, and morphine.In diarrhea caused by invasive pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter, the use of such agents has generally been strongly discouraged, though evidence is lacking that they are harmful when administered in combination with antibiotics in Clostridioides difficile cases.[2] Use of antimotility agents in children and the elderly has also been discouraged in treatment of EHEC (Shiga-like toxin producing Escherichia coli) due to an increased rate of hemolytic uremic syndrome.[4] Decreasing intestinal motility prolongs the transit time of food content through the digestive tract, which allows for more fluid absorption; thereby alleviating diarrhea symptoms and improving stool consistency and frequency.[9] Also, BSS inhibits cyclooxygenase enzyme and leads to a decrease in the production of prostaglandins, which are compounds that increase intestinal inflammation and motility.
loperamidebismuth subsalicylatediphenoxylateatropineopiatesparegorictincture of opiumcodeinemorphineSalmonellaShigellaCampylobacterClostridioides difficileShiga-like toxinEscherichia colihemolytic uremic syndromeacetylcholinemyenteric plexusperistalsisTraveler's diarrheaInfectious diarrhea