Alain Connes
Between 1966 and 1970 he studied at École normale supérieure in Paris, and in 1973 he obtained a PhD from Pierre and Marie Curie University, under the supervision of Jacques Dixmier.[5] In 1976 he returned to France and worked as professor at Pierre and Marie Curie University until 1980 and at CNRS between 1981 and 1984.[11] In his early work on von Neumann algebras in the 1970s, he succeeded in obtaining the almost complete classification of injective factors.He also introduced cyclic cohomology in the early 1980s as a first step in the study of noncommutative differential geometry.[42] In 2001 he received (together with his co-authors André Lichnerowicz and Marco Schutzenberger) the Peano Prize for his work Triangle of Thoughts.